References / المراجع العلمية
Module 1
[1] https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=room+temperature
[2] https://sciencenotes.org/what-is-room-temperature
[3] https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/food_danger_zone
[4] https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/keep-food-safe.html
[5] https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/consumer/safety/faqsafety/pages/foodsafetyfactsheets/charitiesandcommunityorganisationsfactsheets/temperaturecontrolma1477.aspx
[6] https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/serving-safe-buffets
[7] https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/What-foods-are-perishable
[8] https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/chicken.html
[9] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329
[10] https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/room-temperature
[11] https://www.fda.gov/food/outbreaks-foodborne-illness/foodborne-pathogens
[12] https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-poisoning
[13] https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/people-risk-foodborne-illness
[14] https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/food_spoilage_and_food_pathogens_whats_the_difference
[15] https://warwick.ac.uk/services/healthsafetywellbeing/guidance/foodhygieneandsafety/highandlowriskfoods
Module 2
[1] https://www.cdc.gov/fdoss/faq.html
[2] https://www.britannica.com/science/foodborne-illness
[3] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/food-safety
[4] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2021-03/VTP_Reference_Material.pdf
[5] https://open.oregonstate.education/microbiology/chapter/3-3unique-characteristics-of-prokaryotic-cells/
[6] https://www.uidaho.edu/-/media/UIdaho-Responsive/Files/cals/programs/ready-set-food-safe/rsfs-2019-lesson-2.pdf?la=en&hash=7094ACBC6B051971AF0ED93845BD363C5B27B18A
[7] https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/60701000/FoodSafetyPublications/p328.pdf
[8] https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Prince_Georges_Community_College/PGCC_Microbiology/08%3A_Microbial_Growth/8.01%3A_How_Bacteria_Grow
[9] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/24494-bacteria
[10] https://food.unl.edu/article/will-reheating-food-make-it-safe-if-you-forget-refrigerate-it
[11] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2021-02/10_IM_Food_Micro.pdf
[12] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556071/
[13] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/bacterial-spore
(Evelyn, Filipa V.M. Silva, in Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2019)
[14] https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/factsheets/Pages/Campylobacteriosis.aspx
[15] https://www.fda.gov/food/consumers/what-you-need-know-about-foodborne-illnesses
[16] https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-poisoning/bacteria-and-viruses
[17] https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/signs-symptoms/index.html
[19] https://www.fda.gov/media/107813/download
[20] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/salmonella/symptoms-causes/syc-20355329
[21] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16638-e-coli-infection
[22] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease
[23] https://www.cdc.gov/campylobacter/about/index.html
[24] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15251-campylobacter-infection
[25] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23581-bacillus-cereus
[26] https://www.nifa.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resource/Preventing-Foodborne-Illness-Bacillus-cereus.pdf
[27] https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/keep-food-safe.html
[28] https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/serving-safe-buffets
[29] https://www.foodsafety.gov/blog/prevent-illness-c-perfringens
[30] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24760-clostridium-perfringens
[31] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2021-02/10_IM_Food_Micro.pdf
[32] https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/food_spoilage_and_food_pathogens_whats_the_difference
[33] https://food.unl.edu/how-food-spoils
[34] https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/anaerobic-bacteria
[35] https://www.fda.gov/media/100323/download
[36] https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/3107e/
[37] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease/pathogens/clostridium-botulinum
Module 3
[1] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2021-02/10_IM_Food_Micro.pdf
[2] https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/are-molds-foods-dangerous
https://www.bustmold.com/resources/about-mold/where-to-look-for-mold/mold-on-food/
[3] https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-18-yeasts-molds-and-mycotoxins
[4] https://www.webmd.com/diet/what-to-know-mold-food
[5] https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/food_spoilage_and_food_pathogens_whats_the_difference
[6] https://www.clemson.edu/extension/food/canning/canning-tips/44what-is-ph.html
[7] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mycotoxins
[8] https://www.fda.gov/food/natural-toxins-food/mycotoxins
[9] https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/what-are-mycotoxins
[10] https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/aflatoxins-food
[11] https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/food-safety/at-the-food-processor/water-content-water-activity.html
[12] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7157469/
[13] https://www.fda.gov/files/food/published/Most-Common-Foodborne-Illnesses-%28PDF%29.pdf
[14] https://www.ifst.org/resources/information-statements/foodborne-viral-infections
[15] https://www.eufic.org/en/food-safety/article/viral-foodborne-illnesses
[16] https://www.foodauthority.nsw.gov.au/consumer/food-poisoning/foodborne-illness-pathogens
Module 4
[1] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/safe-handling-take-out-foods
[2] https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-food/serving-safe-buffets
[3] https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/Why-are-proper-temperatures-important-to-food-safety
[4] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/how-temperatures-affect-food
[5] https://www.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/Corp/Documents/Health-for/Environmental-health/Food/PDF/Food-safety-toolkit/Factsheet/Bacteria-grow-in-the-temperature-danger-zone.pdf
[6] https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/food_danger_zone
[7] https://food.unl.edu/article/will-reheating-food-make-it-safe-if-you-forget-refrigerate-it
[8] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/danger-zone-40f-140f
[9] https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/Why-are-proper-temperatures-important-to-food-safety
[10] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0273117796000063
[11] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/freezing-and-food-safety
[12] https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/chicken.html
[13] https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/safe-minimum-internal-temperatures
[14] https://www.fda.gov/food/people-risk-foodborne-illness/tips-chill-food-food-safety-moms-be
[15] https://www.food.gov.uk/safety-hygiene/how-to-chill-freeze-and-defrost-food-safely
[16] https://ucanr.edu/sites/letseathealthy/Food_Safety/Chilling_and_Storing_Food/
[17] https://ask.usda.gov/s/article/What-foods-are-perishable
[18] https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/air-quality/whats-in-the-air
[19] https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/aerobic-bacteria
[20] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAT_TOM
[21] https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/fns/Nutritional/Food%20Bytes/2013-05.htm
[22] https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/vacuum-sealed-food-what-are-the-food-safety-concerns
[23] https://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/food_safety/rop.htm
[24] https://fpc.unl.edu/documents/Reduced_Oxygen_Packaging/Handout%201%20-%20Final.pdf
[25] https://www.uvm.edu/sites/default/files/vacuum_packaging_factsheet_2013aug.pdf
[26] https://extension.missouri.edu/media/wysiwyg/Extensiondata/Pub/pdf/hesguide/foodnut/n03639.pdf
[27] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease/pathogens/clostridium-botulinum
[28] https://www.mda.state.mn.us/food-feed/reduced-oxygen-packaging-rop
[29] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAT_TOM
[30] https://www.unileverfoodsolutions.us/chef-inspiration/food-safety/fattom-factors-in-food-safety.html
[31] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/danger-zone-40f-140f
[32] https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/business/safety/factsheets/charitiesandcommunityorganisationsfactsheets/temperaturecontrol
[33] https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/3107e/
[34] https://www.fda.gov/media/100323/download
[35]
https://dphhs.mt.gov/assets/publichealth/FCS/SanitarianResourcePage/GuidanceDocuments/RetailFood/ROPRawFrozenSeafood.pdf
Module 5
[20] https://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/food-safety/at-the-food-processor/water-content-water-activity.html
[21] https://thefooduntold.com/food-science/water-activity-aw-and-food-safety/
[22] https://www.clemson.edu/extension/food/canning/canning-tips/39available-moisture.html
[24] https://blog.kett.com/bid/362219/moisture-content-vs-water-activity-use-both-to-optimize-food-safety-and-quality[25] https://aqualab.com/en/knowledge-base/expertise-library/water-activity-food-safety-and-quality
[27] https://www.scientificgear.com/blog/what-is-water-activity
[30] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9780470376454.app4
[31] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780323857932000059
[32] https://www.food-safety.com/articles/4420-water-activitye28099s-role-in-food-safety-and-quality?v=preview
Module 6
[1] https://www.fda.gov/food/guidance-documents-regulatory-information-topic-food-and-dietary-supplements/acidified-low-acid-canned-foods-guidance-documents-regulatory-information
[2] https://site.extension.uga.edu/foodscienceandtechnology/understanding-ph-and-its-importance-in-food-safety/
[3] https://www.clemson.edu/extension/food/canning/canning-tips/44what-is-ph.html
[4] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9780470376454.app5
[5] https://thefooduntold.com/food-science/water-activity-aw-and-food-safety/
[6] https://www.clemson.edu/extension/food/food2market/documents/ph_of_common_foods.pdf
[7] https://blogs.cornell.edu/fvc/2016/10/19/acidified-foods/
[8] https://fpc.unl.edu/image/Science-of-safe-food/Principles%20of%20Acidified%20Foods.pdf
[9] https://nchfp.uga.edu/how/can/general-information/how-canning-preserves-foods
[10] https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/food-technology-magazine/issues/2020/january/columns/canning-clarified
[11] https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/perishable-food#basics
[13] https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/about/index.html
[14] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/foodborne-illness-and-disease/pathogens/clostridium-botulinum
[15] https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/food-technology-magazine/issues/2020/january/columns/canning-clarified
[16] https://www.spectrascientific.com/blogs/ph-guides/ph-measurement-methods-ways-to-measure-ph
[17] https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/canning-foods-the-ph-factor
Module 7
[1] https://www.britannica.com/technology/pasteurization
[2] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/pasteurization
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurization
[5] https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-pasteurization-4177326
[6] https://biologyease.com/pasteurization-definition-types-process/
[7] https://www.idfa.org/pasteurization
[8] https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/food-technology-magazine/issues/2020/january/columns/canning-clarified
[9] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713519301288
[10] https://microbeonline.com/pasteurization-food-preservation-method/
[11] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/salmonella
[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmonella
[13] https://www.fsis.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media_file/2021-03/VTP_Reference_Material.pdf
[14] https://thedairyalliance.com/blog/what-is-pasteurization/
[15] https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2012/07/scientists-find-new-culprits-spoil-milk
[16] https://www.preventivemedicinedaily.com/healthy-living/nutrition/what-happens-if-you-drink-spoiled-milk-health-risks-and-symptoms/
[17] https://www.usdairy.com/news-articles/why-is-milk-pasteurized-4-questions-answered
[18] https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/raw-milk.html
[19] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/food-science/food-sterilization
[20] https://www.retorts.com/white-papers/commercial-sterilization-defined/
[21] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fsn3.3912
[22] https://www.britannica.com/topic/food-preservation/Sterilization
[23] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5742775/